Mental Health Trends in Asia 2024: Gen Z at Highest Risk

By 2025, Gen Z will make up a quarter of the Asia-Pacific population and almost 30% of the global workforce as multigenerational teams become the norm. However, this emerging generation faces serious mental health challenges, with over 6 in 10 individuals in Asia at high risk—higher than any other generation. 

For employers, this stark reality highlights the urgent need to create inclusive, adaptable mental health strategies that account for generational nuances.

As part of our 2024 World Mental Health Day campaign, we invited the public to participate in the Naluri Mental Health Assessment, aiming to shed light on these trends and Asia’s evolving mental health landscape. The assessment offers valuable insights into the region’s progress, ongoing challenges, and what employers can do to drive lasting improvements.

Positive signs amidst persistent challenges

This year, Naluri surveyed over 28,000 individuals across seven Asian countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Hong Kong, which was added to our assessment following rising mental health concerns linked to recent violent attacks and declining student life satisfaction in the country.

We used the Emotional Wellbeing Assessment (EWA), a tool Naluri developed by combining key elements from GAD-7, PHQ-9, and DASS-21 for a concise yet thorough measure of emotional health. Our findings reveal a region delicately balancing urgency with cautious optimism.

In 2024, 58% of respondents are at high risk for mental health challenges—a 4% improvement from 2023, indicating that ongoing interventions like awareness campaigns and workplace mental health initiatives are yielding results. 

However, critical gaps remain, particularly in addressing burnout and declining productivity, which directly impact organisational performance and can lead to significant financial costs. In fact, the global cost of mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, is projected to rise to US$6 trillion by 2030.

Addressing these challenges requires a closer look at how the region is tackling mental health issues and the areas still in need of attention. 

The state of mental health across Asia

Mental health challenges vary across Asia, presenting unique implications for employers operating in different markets. 

Key findings

• The Philippines (68%), Hong Kong (59%), and Singapore (59%) report the highest rates of high-risk individuals.
• Thailand (38%) stands out for having the lowest high-risk population.

Economic pressures and cultural norms play a distinct role in shaping outcomes in each country. Understanding these factors can help organisations tailor employee wellbeing strategies effectively. 

Here is what the 2024 data reveal about mental health across different countries in Asia.

Malaysia: Balancing economic recovery with mental health needs  

In Malaysia, 51% of the population remains at high risk for mental health challenges. However, this represents an encouraging 11% improvement over the past four years, signalling steady progress.  

The positive shift can be attributed to national initiatives aimed at improving mental health literacy and interventions as well as increased accessibility to teleconsultation platforms, helplines like Talian Kasih, and government-subsidised therapy. Additionally, economic recovery efforts, including job creation and political stability, have indirectly contributed to better mental wellbeing. 

However, challenges persist, particularly in urban areas where intense competition and poor work-life balance exacerbate stress levels. Younger Malaysians also face growing risks from social media, such as cyberbullying, which further strain their mental health.

Singapore: Workplace burnout persists despite mental health gains

Singapore's mental health landscape presents a complex picture. Although 59% of the population remains at high risk for mental health concerns, this marks a 4% improvement since 2023.

This progress can be credited to initiatives like stronger workplace mental health protections, national movements such as "Beyond the Label," and expanded access to services like the Care Hotline and text-based counselling. Additionally, Healthier SG, a key government initiative promoting preventive healthcare, have helped advance mental health efforts through partnerships and personalised health plans that include mental health assessments for Singaporeans.

Despite these advancements, workplace burnout continues to be a widespread issue, exacerbated by the pressures of a highly competitive job market. Younger generations are especially vulnerable, struggling with financial pressures, a culture of high achievement, and the added challenges of cyberbullying and body image concerns—both intensified by excessive social media use.

Indonesia: Gains in awareness, gaps in access

Indonesia has made remarkable strides in addressing mental health challenges over the past four years. While 56% of the population remains at high risk, this represents a significant 17% improvement since 2023. 

Collaborative efforts between the government and private sector have introduced Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) in workplaces to promote mental wellbeing. The government has also mandated state-owned enterprises (BUMNs) to implement mental wellness programmes, and many are beginning to take action.

Other notable efforts include training programmes for healthcare workers and the "Indonesia Free from Pasung" movement, which seeks to end the cruel practice of shackling individuals with mental illnesses. Together, these initiatives are driving significant progress in improving mental health awareness and advocacy. 

Nonetheless, ongoing challenges like limited access to mental health services in remote areas, compounded by economic and logistical barriers, continue to hinder progress. Additionally, deeply ingrained cultural stigmas can deter many from seeking the care they need.

Thailand: Leading in mental health progress

Thailand has achieved major advancements in mental health care, with the lowest high-risk population for mental health issues at 38% this year.

This achievement may be attributed to the long-term National Mental Health Development Plan, which prioritises preventive care and school-based programmes, as well as the integration of mental health services into primary care, supported by community health volunteers. 

Despite these advancements, a shortage of mental health professionals in underserved regions, coupled with enduring economic pressures and cultural stigma, continues to pose barriers. Addressing these obstacles is essential to creating a more inclusive and accessible mental health system for the Thai population.

Philippines: Leading in risks, but showing progress

Mental health in the Philippines reflects a mix of progress and persistent challenges. Although 68% of the population is still at high risk—the highest rate in the region this year—this marks a notable improvement, with a significant 14% decrease from its peak in 2022.

Contributing factors include initiatives like the #MentalHealthPH awareness campaign, teleconsultation services, and grassroots support programmes that normalise seeking help. Poverty alleviation measures and microfinancing options have also helped reduce economic stress. 

However, rural areas still face significant service gaps, and persistent economic inequality and political unrest continue to exacerbate stress and mental health issues, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Vietnam: Mental health challenges in a changing economy

Vietnam continues to grapple with significant mental health challenges, as 57% of its population remains at high risk. However, there have been modest improvements since the country was first included in our assessment last year.

National programmes prioritising youth mental health and suicide prevention, along with local initiatives like the "Open Up & Connect" campaign by UNICEF Vietnam, are helping to raise awareness and improve accessibility to support. 

However, the lack of mental health policy and shortages of trained professionals continue to restrict services in rural areas, and emerging issues such as the impact of pollution on stress levels highlight the need for further research and intervention.

Hong Kong: High-risk under social and political strain

This year, Hong Kong joins the assessment with 59% of its population at high risk of facing mental health challenges.

In response, several initiatives are underway: the Mental Health Advisory Committee is advocating for stronger and more well-rounded policy measures while the Healthy Mind Pilot Project offers free mental health assessments to members of the public. Additionally, many corporations are introducing EAPs to combat workplace stress.

However, substantial challenges remain, including severe financial strain due to the high cost of living and limited housing affordability. Ongoing social and political unrest is also fueling widespread anxiety and chronic stress. These factors can be especially tough on younger generations as they navigate an uncertain future while trying to establish independence.

Gen Z struggles the most, with millennials close behind

Across all countries, Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2012) consistently emerges as the most vulnerable group, with an alarming 66% classified as high-risk—though this reflects a 10% improvement from last year.

Millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) are also deeply affected, with 48% facing mental health challenges. In contrast, Gen X (born between 1965 and 1980) appears to fare considerably better, with 28% identified as high-risk.

Below is a breakdown of mental health risk levels across generations by country.

Why Gen Z faces greater struggles

Gen Z faces unique and heightened challenges driven by various factors. Early career struggles and societal expectations to achieve traditional milestones—such as securing stable jobs, buying homes, and starting families—create overwhelming stress for many in this generation. 

Adding to this burden is the constant digital connectivity that defines modern life. Social media and the demands of a fast-paced hybrid workplace can blur the lines between work and personal time, straining work-life balance and impacting self-esteem and emotional wellbeing.  

Financial instability further compounds these issues. Unlike previous generations, Gen Z navigates a steeper path to financial security, grappling with the rising costs of housing, education, and healthcare. These barriers can create uncertainty for young professionals entering the workforce, making prosperity feel increasingly out of reach. 

Together, these factors illustrate the complex and often daunting hurdles that define the Gen Z experience.

Millennials enter the sandwich generation

Millennials, while slightly better off than Gen Z, face their own distinct challenges. 

As they build careers and start families, many find themselves juggling professional ambitions with increasing personal responsibilities, such as raising children and caring for ageing parents. This balancing act defines a generation navigating the intricate demands of modern adulthood. 

Simultaneously, millennials in Asia also contend with financial pressures like rising living costs, debt, and stagnant wages—all compounded by uncertainty stemming from unstable work environments and job insecurity.

For those stepping into senior roles or leadership positions, these pressures only intensify, layering new levels of stress and complexity onto both their personal and professional lives. 

Navigating employee mental health in today’s workplace

Employers are key to creating psychologically safe workplaces, but many still struggle to design and implement effective mental health initiatives. As our 2024 consultation data reveals, employee wellbeing often extends far beyond workload stress, influenced by a wide range of factors.

Common personal challenges

• Managing weight and overall health
• Developing emotional regulation skills
• Overcoming self-esteem issues

Common interpersonal challenges

• Struggles in romantic relationships or marriage
• Family-related difficulties

Common workplace challenges

• Achieving work-life balance and avoiding burnout
• Overcoming career stagnation
• Addressing performance, productivity, and motivation issues
• Managing workplace conflicts

These challenges underscore the interconnected themes of physical, mental, and emotional health that affect employees both inside and outside the workplace. 

How, then, can companies foster inclusive environments that support their employees in navigating these challenges to improve wellbeing and performance?

Creating sustainable change: Insights from the Influence Model

Shifting organisational culture and employee behaviour to prioritise wellbeing is challenging, but meaningful change is far more achievable when driven by deliberate and purposeful action. McKinsey’s Influence Model outlines four critical steps for driving change effectively:

• Role modelling: Leaders must embody the behaviours they wish to see, setting a clear example for employees to follow.
• Fostering understanding and conviction: Organisations need to communicate the "why" behind mental health initiatives, building a shared sense of purpose and urgency.
• Developing talent and skills: Providing employees with tools, training, and resources ensures they are equipped to manage stress, improve resilience, and foster a healthier workplace.
• Reinforcing with formal mechanisms: Policies, rewards, and accountability systems should align with mental health priorities, ensuring sustainable and long-term impact.

By integrating these principles into workplace mental health strategies, organisations can foster an environment where wellbeing is not only a priority but also a shared responsibility.

Building a path to change together

2024 presents a defining moment for employers across Asia. While awareness campaigns have paved the way, the focus must now shift to tailored wellbeing strategies that cater to the diverse needs of a multigenerational workforce.

By embedding these targeted approaches into workplace policies, organisations can create a mentally healthier workforce more effectively, reducing risks and costs associated with absenteeism, burnout, and employee turnover.

Interested in exploring how Naluri can support your organisation in championing mental health in the workplace? Learn more about our Employee Assistance Programme, or talk to our sales team.